The National Academy of Sciences proclaimed UC Berkeley Cancer Research Lab’s groundbreaking isolation and blockade of the T-cell antigen CTLA-4 “one of the three most important findings in immunology in the last 20 years.” The discovery led to the development of an immunotherapy that boosts the effectiveness of a number of cancer vaccines. Now FDA-approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma, ipilimumab (Yervoy) is projected to generate $1 billion in annual sales by 2017.